Thursday, November 19, 2015

Paris

Paris
            This past week, one of the most dangerous organizations in the world conducted an attack on of the most famous cities in the world. When the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) took responsibility over the attacks on Paris, the severity of the situation seemed to have escalated. What were initially feelings of confusion and terror suddenly shifted into emotions of hate and revenge. As more people began to express their similar reactions, a sense of unity began to rise, a dangerous unity that called for violent retaliation against those responsible for the horrific events that transpired in France. Many leaders of the world also felt these same emotions, and some took federal action. The emotional response triggered by the attacks in Paris proved enough to motivate long-standing opponents of the Islamic State to adopt more aggressive tactics in Syria, where the organization is based. This may have resulted in a more effective assault against ISIS, however it has also proved detrimental to the millions of refugees fleeing the war-torn region.
            The organization commonly referred to as ISIS has seen growing opposition ever since they have successful penetrated countries with feelings of fear and terror. ISIS has been unique in that it has been able to influence people within various borders to act on behalf of the ideas the organization stands for, even without proper orchestration from a central command. These instances are meant to prove that ISIS should be considered a significant actor, and that their presence should not be taken likely. In response, there have been many military tactics and strategies employed that attempt to combat or endure the growing threat. Nations like the United States have adopted a strategy of containment, employing military tactics to prevent the spread of Islamic State borders in the Middle-East. The strategy has been largely dependent on the use of unmanned drones. These drones have carried out numerous bombings in areas of interest, such as suspected bases of operation or suspected locations of high-ranking officials among the organization. The recent attacks on Paris, however, have left both the public and their respective governments with the notion that a policy of containment no longer seems an appropriate response. Instead, people have called for a more aggressive strategy against ISIS, a strategy that does not focus on heading the spread of the organization’s influence but rather focuses on the group’s total eradication. Such a policy would require more dedicated military resources, quite possibly to the point of a declaration of war. Prior to what happened in Paris, most people were against military intervention in disputed areas, especially in Syria where political strategy has become the new face of the conflict. The emotionally driven global reaction to the tragedy in Paris, however, has united people and governments alike under the banner of vengeance and justice. France has thus far increased the amount of bombings in Syria. Member of the United States Congress have called for a motion of war in retaliation of the attacks on Paris. The world appears unified in its effort to reign hell down on ISIS, and it can no longer tolerate the strategy that was containment.
            But what about the people; what of the refugees that have also endured terrorism and now search the world for solitude? The people of Syria have unquestionably suffered the worst of both ISIS and the military conflict that ravages their country. The country is weak now, and its government has both powerful allies and powerful enemies, both of which are willing to contribute to the war effort. The military intervention carried out by many of the involved nations has resulted in the total destruction of the homes of innocents, and has left the country marked with blood of innocence. These refugees, fleeing what homes they had left in search of safety and care now face closed borders and unwilling neighbors. The United States Congress has voted to no longer abandon its policy of accepting Syrian refugees into the country; the French government has declared a state of emergency and has closed its borders to all incoming migrants. Countries originally praised for their seemingly unwavering acceptance of providing solitude for the fleeing people are now criticized under suspicion of terrorists lurking among and posing as refugees. The recent wake of events in Paris may have moved the world in the direction of eliminating one of its most violent threats, but it has also stripped the world of the humility to help and trust those in desperate need.


The world vs ISIS



Joshua Rhodes

There has been a recent article where there was a Chinese prisoner along with a Norwegian hostage killed. Beijing is outraged by this incident. China has been avoiding intervening in long distance conflicts however no china has condemned Isis for these terrorist acts. China may now play a hand in the joint effort against ISIS. ISIS has been executing hostages from many different nations and now with the recent attacks in Paris there is more counteraction to their terror attacks.
                There is speculation of the Chinese sending in their forces into Syria, as well the thoughts of France sending in forces into Syria is also a vengeful option for the people of France. The general stance of holding back the will to counter attack has been something that all people have wanted after a terrorist attack, the Chinese foreign minister stated, “The world cannot afford to stand by and look on with folded arms, but must also not arbitrarily interfere.” So will action be taken by china to invade Syria along with Russia? And what will France do? China has sent some forces to the Mediterranean headed to Syria though china has not given out any information of an official campaign, While France has made an at home offensive, but will china perform an all-out assault?
                Another though is that ISIS continues to not only take hostages but also when will the countries that have captured prisoners counter attack? In the position of china their captured citizens are workers of expansive Chinese projects, along with their involvement with companies and oil across the Middle East and Africa. Their person was captured in Egypt. With this execution china may take a different stand with anti-terrorism. According to CNN china has been making multiple efforts to save Fan Jinghui.
What we do know is that the terrorist attacks of ISIS has influenced joint efforts from many different countries, and also made opportunity for Russia to come back into an important country, and a as well might influence not only the two super powers being involved in the attacks on terrorism, but for the rest of the world’s “lesser” powerful nations to join together to fight terrorism. In some aspects with Japan now having the ability to mobilize their military they can also combat terrorism and maybe even return from the loss of their two hostages from 2014. So how long will the world stand back and watch ISIS continue to perform terror attacks? With the increasing Syrian refugees being accepted all around the world how much will we continue to wait and see more terrorist attacks?
China may not see much in terrorist attacks on their own soil as well as japan, however with china continuing to expand their influence in the Middle East and Africa, this does make them susceptible to Terrorist attacks that it may be a good idea for them to get involved as well and for all nations to join together to handle as mutual threat and finally end this large terror organization that continues to grow since the rest of the world stands back and watches.

ISIS's Endgame

Ryan Kelsey
Dr. Muck
PSC 222
November 19, 2015
ISIS’s Endgame
            The notorious terrorist group, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, continues to find increasingly grotesque and horrifying ways to earn their way into the international spotlight.  From burning captured Jordanian pilots alive, blowing up Russian commercial airliners in midflight to slaughtering unsuspecting Parisians, ISIS has carved a place for itself in history with its ruthlessness.  While it may be impossible for the general public to understand these as unnecessary, pointless acts, they are actually calculated events intended to provoke the rest of the world to action.  With these horrific acts, I believe ISIS is putting the ball in the world’s court, provoking us to invade – their desired intent.  While many call for immense violence of action in Iraq and Syria in order to prevent ISIS from “winning,” I urge a forceful, yet active restraint in order to prevent ISIS from actually winning.
            What exactly does ISIS want?  Behind the acts of violence that can be seen much too often on any news network, they have very specific desires.  Among them, they hope to create a rift between the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds.  Radical terrorists groups have recruited individuals for years citing the Western abuse and mistreatment of Muslims over the last couple centuries.  ISIS is attempting, and succeeding in some ways, to draw lines between Western and Middle Eastern nations.  One of the most noticeable signs of this rift is the reluctance and outright outrage of Americans over settling refugees within our borders.
            After the terrorist attacks in France, popular presidential candidates have made some alarming statements about the future of Muslim Americans.  Never a stranger to controversy, Donald Trump has declared that he would strongly consider creating a database of all Muslims in the United States as well as shut down mosques.  While the majority of Americans merely laugh at Trump’s rhetoric, his statements cannot be ignored, as they echo a feeling of distrust and suspicion towards Muslims.  Further evidence of this trend, almost all Republican candidates do not want the U.S. to accept refugees.  Even more alarming, the only two Republican candidates who favor accepting refugees, Bush and Cruz, have called for accepting only those that are Christian.
            ISIS hopes that this suspicion of Muslims continues to increase, while in the meantime a coalition of Western nations sends combat troops into Iraq and Syria.  ISIS does not stand a chance against a French, American and Russian led coalition; however, they do not have to win a single military engagement.  Like in Vietnam, all ISIS has to do is maintain a minimal combat effectiveness and they will be able to accomplish their goal of driving the West into a long, bloody conflict in the Middle East.  From this conflict, ISIS is hoping to inspire and provoke Muslims throughout the Middle East to join their force.  In doing so, they will further create a rift between the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds.
            In responding to ISIS, we need to consider how they want us to respond.  Restraint and tactical deliberation is needed both militarily and politically.  Politically, two main subjects need to be considered before taking action.  First, how does turning away Syrian refugees help or harm ISIS?  In order to prevent the terrorist group from gaining any recruiting advantage, the United States should properly vet and accept these refugees.  The second subject that needs to be addressed politically is how do Muslims in other countries view ISIS?  In order for ISIS’s endgame to come to fruition, predominantly Muslim countries in the Middle East should turn against the West.  ISIS’s major mistake in accomplishing this mission is the passion and hatred the terror group has stirred with their violent acts.  While the attacks and execution of Westerners earn the most airtime on the evening news, they constitute a wild minority of the total deaths caused at the hands of ISIS.  The majority of these deaths are Muslim men, women and children caught in the Levant. 

            ISIS has gravely miscalculated the amount and the extent of violence they can get away with and still accomplish their goals.  The only way they can succeed at this point is if the West acts without precision, using military action without restrictions.  If this terrorist group is to fade into the dark pages of a sad era in history, the world must act carefully and tactfully in order to prevent ISIS from gaining any advantages that come from the indiscriminate killing of those in their territory.

Deceiving State of Terror

Chandler Olah
Muck
International Relations
Op-ed

Deceiving State of Terror

            In light of the recent terrorist attacks in Paris by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, President François Hollande of France has declared war on the Islamic State. The president has named the Islamic State as its greatest enemy today however, France stands alone as no other state in the world claims ISIS to be the most severe issue threatening their safety. Now, there are many actors that have interests playing out in the Middle East. The Turkish government has stated very clearly that its main enemy is Kurdish separatism. The Syrian Kurds seek not to crush ISIS so much as to defend their new borders while those in Iraq see their main danger in the form of a strong central government emerging from Baghdad. As for the Saudis, the main enemy isn’t ISIS, who represent a form of Sunni radicalism they have always supported as their main target is Iran. Now, The Iranians, for their part, want to contain ISIS but not necessarily to destroy it. Its very existence prevents the return of the kind of Arab Sunni coalition that gave them such trouble during their war with Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Although there are several players in the ISIS terrorism conflict, many are not willing to send its forces to reclaims land from ISIS. Today, the United States’ strategy relies on waging war from afar, through aerial strikes. Having been involved in conflict in the Middle East for some time, Washington is reluctant to send ground troops. With France being the only one at “war” with ISIS, it may prove to be too much one the lone nation.
            Fortunately for France, if they lack the means to live up to its ambitions of war, so may ISIS. ISIS achieves its goal through the same means as any other terror cell, through shock and awe. The attack against Hezbollah in Beirut, the attack against the Russians in Sharm el Sheikh and the attacks in Paris had the same goal: terror. But just as the execution of the Jordanian pilot sparked patriotism among even the heterogeneous population of Jordan, the attacks in Paris will turn the battle against ISIS into a national cause. ISIS does not qualify as a “state” by any means and this ISIS system seems to have already expanded the farthest possible in their situation. Due to their fierce expansion tactics, they have reached the farthest they can before running into someone that has the means necessary to repel them from going any further. To the north, there are Kurds; to the east, Iraqi Shiites; to the west, Alawites, now protected by the Russians. Because ISIS has affected so many different groups of people negatively, they will hit the same consequences that Al-Qaeda hit once they globalized their terrorism efforts.
            The question remains, what is the appropriate response to the efforts put in by ISIS over the recent months? Putting US troops on the ground to repel the efforts of ISIS seems to be unlikely due to the fact that we have been involved in conflicts in the Middle East since we launched troops to Afghanistan in 2001. Another possibility would be the conjoined cooperation amongst the surrounding nations that are currently in conflict with ISIS. However, this also may be as unlikely as the US sending troop to combat ISIS due to the fact that the differences among their goals and ulterior motives are much different from one another. In my opinion, ISIS seems to be taking the same road as Al-Qaeda in the route to globalized terror which, ultimately, could be their downfall. 

Othering: Dangerous Rhetoric

Othering:
Dangerous Rhetoric

            In light of the attacks on Paris, dangerous rhetoric springs up in the fear of the survivors. Once again Islamic becomes attached to terrorists, and the rhetoric stems the fear many show. This is not a new element of fear nor does it ever really stop. In World War I and World War II, the enemy was Germans, and all Germans were included in the fear. During the Cold War, all communists found themselves villainized. In the Iraq War, we found ourselves with our first major move against Muslim groups. That is not to say any of these groups did not find prejudice in the United States outside these times, but due to rhetoric used in fear, the heightened violence due to prejudice causes constitutional and moral questions.
            Now, Syrian refugees find themselves included in the Muslim fear. The fear-mongering of some politicians is used to start a movement. That movement is used to gain support for various foreign policy. It is easier to move people against a common enemy then a common ally. It might even be easier to move people to go to war then to support the ailing of a faraway people.
            In the end, the fear-mongering rhetoric used by many politicians to gain support only end up instilling new prejudices that are largely unjustified. Those prejudices get so extreme and fanatical that individuals are prone to hate crime and discrimination that may not be prevented by law. The dangers go deep. Our nation’s morality is at risk with the heavy rhetoric at hand.
            Not only morality though, the nation also suffers judgement from other countries. Worst case scenario, the United States does exactly what the terrorists intend. If the United States makes an enemy out of all Muslims, then the terrorists obtain new supporters and allies. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Instead of saying terrorists, a politician flippantly says Islamic terrorists, thus forming the idea that all terrorists suddenly are Islamic.
            Instead of using heavy rhetoric to convince the masses of the need to take action, we should be using a different kind of rhetoric. The kind of rhetoric which uplifts instead.  The kind of rhetoric which leads to a greater sense of community. Action taken by a country should never be done because of hatred. It should take action based on a sense to better the country as a whole. An action that betters the world.

            Perhaps using the heavy hate rhetoric would be easier. However, what is easiest should not be the policy of a whole nation. The nation should be aiming to better itself. The prejudice-building rhetoric used around the refugees and terrorists only put the United States back years in anti-discrimination movements. It is not inevitable that one hated group will be replaced with a new one. History should teach us; othering achieves nothing except more trouble.  

Katie Madel

A Violent War or a Partisan War: Should We Let the Refugees In?

Lauren Edmunds
American Foreign Policy
November 19, 2015
Op Ed Week 10
A Violent War or a Partisan War: Should We Let the Refugees In?
            Recently in the news, all 2016 Presidential candidates have been questioned regarding their position on letting Syrian refugees into the United States. GOP candidates’ answers ranged from Jeb Bush saying that he would let refugees in if they “proved” they were Christian[1], to Ben Carson stating the US “must not accept refugees under any circumstance”.[2] DNC front runner Hillary Clinton was quoted stating that “the United States should step up its efforts”,[3] while vague, it does express her desire to allow refugees into the country. Their answers create a new partisan divide, overshadowing the thousands and thousands of people crying out to the US for help.
 The Syrian refugee crisis is proving to be the largest humanitarian crisis since World War II, and like World War II, the US is slow to react and effectively denying the assistance the refugees need. If it isn’t GOP Presidential candidates blocking refugees from entering into the US by spreading false and exaggerated rhetoric on the subject, it is governors, taking authority they do not have to make unilateral decisions. Either way, the House is voting on HR. 4038 titled “American Security Against Foreign Enemies Act of 2015”[4] in a few days. The title of this bill is quite misleading as it is in regards to allowing Syrian refugees into the US after the FBI and Homeland Security conduct a thorough background investigation into each person seeking refugee status. The bill’s title is misleading as it refers to refugees as a “foreign enemy” when in reality the refugees are victims of a war seeking assistance from a global world power with more than enough resources to share.
The US is notorious for saying one thing and acting in another manner. When a humanitarian crisis happens, the mass public demands that we use our extreme amounts of influence and power to correct the situation. We act as if we have a moral obligation to intervene in a good v. evil situation. When push comes to shove, and the situation calls for a different kind of action, one that involves something happening within our homeland, we run scared. We assume the worst. We dissolve our standing as an international superpower a bit more, each and every time.
The fact of the matter is this, refugees are just that – refugees. Syrian people forced to leave their homeland because they no longer have a homeland. When people say that they need to go back where they came from, they simply cannot do that. Their homes are torn apart by war and violence. Homes and businesses burned to the ground. The country is desolate, giving off an apocalyptic, eerie feel. The Syrian Civil War left the country and its citizens with nothing, and they are desperately crying out to Americans to give them a chance at a new life.
“What about ISIS? The refugees could be ISIS” is the circulating rhetoric around the country that is blocking the path for the refugees. The truth of the matter is, ISIS is already here. American citizens born and raised in the USA could be members of ISIS. ISIS recruits online, all you need is internet access and a will to join the cause, and just like that ISIS is down the street. Not to mention the simple fact that these people are fleeing ISIS. They are trying to escape the horror of the group, not bring it with them.
Screening for Christians and/or conducting expensive background checks are all unrealistic measures that serve damaging purposes. It would damage the US’s international reputation, it would contradict our notion of “American values”, but worst of all it would crush the refugees chances at a new life. What the US needs to do is first, reevaluate the position of state governors, which would demonstrate that this area of foreign policy is not within their jurisdiction. GOP candidates need to stop spreading their hateful rhetoric about the refugees and Muslims alike. The American public needs to demand that their government finally puts their money where their mouth is, and become the humanitarian country we claim to be – let the refugees in, period.



[1] http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/jeb-bush-would-back-refugees-who-prove-theyre-christian
[2] http://time.com/4116014/paris-attacks-ben-carson/
[3] http://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/hillary-clinton-syria-refugees-213444
[4] https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111715-HR4038.pdf